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Background:

Amenemhat III was the son of king Senusert III of the 12th Dynasty. His name means god Amen in the front. During his ruling period agriculture and irrigation flourished in Egypt. He was the first king who was able to measure the height of the Nile. He built for himself two mud brick pyramids one at Dahshur and the other at Hawara. He is the builder of the temple called by Herodotus Labyrinth due to its large number of rooms and halls. This temple was dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek. He was buried at Hawara. The bust was discovered in Fayoum in 1862. Due to the costume and hair wig it was mistakenly thought that it belonged to the Hyksos especially that it has no inscriptions on it. But the distinct facial features of king Amenemhat III proved that it belonged to him these features are:

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The statue:

The bust is made out of grey granite. It represents the upper part of the body. He is represented a very thick curly heavy hair wig that is reaching his shoulders. It is an archaic hair wig that appeared once more during his reign. The facial features previously mentioned are carved in high relief. There used to be a false beard but now it is damaged. The whole on the forehead used to contain a ureas but now missing. It is a sign of protection. He is represented wearing a priestly costume containing of a panther skin over his shoulders; the head on the left shoulder and the paws are on the right shoulder. It is supported by a double band surrounding his chest passing under the mnat collar. This collar is usually associated to goddess Hathor. It is made out of several layers of beads tied together. On both sides of his head along his side there are to scepters representing god Horus the falcon god but partially damaged. These scepters appeared once more in the time of Ramses and Mernptah. Most probably it is a standing bust.