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Foreign Trade of Egyptian Orange Crop        under World Trade Organization

Mohamed I. M. El-Shahawy

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Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha - Alexandria University

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Research aims to study foreign trade of Egyptian orange and the most important markets under regional trade agreements (RATs) and international agreements, and this is achieved through the study of the following objectives:         (1) Study the economic importance of the orange crop in Egypt. (2) Study evolution of Egyptian orange exports. (3) Measure the effect of both quantity and price on the value of exports of oranges. (4) Study the geographic concentration of the Egyptian orange exports. (5) Study the efficiency indicators of foreign trade of the orange in the global market.

Research results indicated the following: (1) Turned out to be orange crop in the cultivated area has decreased by 1.57% in the period after the World Trade Organization, while increasing the quantity of orange production by about 22.57%, while the value of orange exports have also increased by 4.69%. (2) The geographical concentration coefficient estimate of the quantity of Egyptian orange exports within regional trade agreements (RTAs) during the period (2003-2007) is clear from Table (8) The coefficient of geographic concentration of Egypt exports of oranges to Russia came in first place with total of about 26.89, and the United Kingdom comes in second place where the factor of geographical concentration of about 11.28%, followed by Ukraine, where the value of coefficient of about 11.17%, and then decrease the values of each factor of geographical concentration of the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Malaysia, Canada, Mauritius, when it reached about 5.25%, 1.92%, 1.77%, 0.67%, 0.18%, 0.17% respectively.(3) Reduced the relative importance of exports of oranges to a large extent to the total GDP in the period after the World Trade Organization (1995-2007) compared to the period before (1985-1994). (4) Decline in the value factor comparative advantage phenomenon during the period (1995-2007) after the World Trade Organization from its predecessor by about 9.27%. This means the need to work and effort in the development of Egypt's exports of oranges in order to maintain the comparative advantage of Egyptian orange. (5) Improved price competitiveness of Egyptian orange after the application of the WTO Agreement on the previous period and has become price competitive advantage in favor of the Egyptian exports of oranges. (6) Although an increase in market share to Egypt during the period after the World Trade Organization (1995-2007) Egypt occupied the sixth place after it was ranked tenth in the period before the World Trade Organization (1985-1994), but it still faces stiff competition from Both Spain and South Africa, the United States of America, Morocco, and Greece. (7) That Spain is now ranked first in terms of stability of production night as Brazil and Egypt came in third place, demonstrating the improved Egypt's ability to meet the requirements of export during the period after the Organization of Foreign Trade and then the ability to maintain covert markets and opening new markets.