Nutrigenetics

Applying the Science of Personal Nutrition

By

Martin Kohlmier

Preface

Why Health Care Professionals Need to Learn About Nutrigenetics?

Nutrigenetics investigates inherited differences in nutrient metabolism and explores how to use individual genetic information for making better nutrition choices. The development of the science and practice of nutrigenetics has been going on since the early 1900s. The large and growing number of well-established nutrigenetic conditions leaves little doubt that adjusting personal nutrition patterns to inherited predisposition can greatly improve the health of many people. The question is whether dietitians, nutritionists, physicians, and other health care professionals are prepared to recognize nutrigenetic problems in daily practice. Will they be able to use genetic tests appropriately and provide nutritional guidance that helps the individual they are working with? Nutrigenetic is not a science with easy answers and one standard prescription for each genotype. The interactions of the inherited genome and nutritional factors are very complex and not easily understood. We need competent nutritition professionals who can guide patient and clients effectively through the maze of nutritional and genetic information. Learners will need to work hard to achieve the necessary level of competency, make sense of the molecular differences that define each of us, and fine-tune nutritional for one genetically distinct individual at a time.

The science of nutrigenetics can be traced back to Archibald Garrod̕s seminal description in 1908 of inborn errors of metabolism, conditions that were defined early on a genetic disruptions of food metabolism. The new biochemical knowledge slowly gave rise to the very successful practice of treating some of these metabolic diseases with nutritional interventions. The discovery by Asbjorn Folling in 1934 that defective metabolism of a dietary amino acid (phenylalanine) causes severe mental impairment was followed in 1953 by Horst Bickel's demonstration that nutritional treatment of the condition is effective. Many countries now routinely screen newborn infants for this metabolic defect (phenylketonuria, pku) and prevent devastating consequences by starting nutritional treatment of affected children within days after birth. The same is true for a growing number of once untreatable inherited diseases (biotinidase deficiency, maple syrub urine disease, and others) that respond well to early nutritional intervention.

Contents

Chapter 1: Has the time come for Genotype-Based Nutrition Decisions?

Chapter 2: How Genetic Transmission Works

Chapter 3: Where nutrigenetic Differences Come From

Chapter 4: How nutrients are affected by Genetics

Chapter 5: How does nutrigenetics Influenc Long-Term Health?

Chapter 6: How can we know What the Latest Findings Mean?

Chapter 7: Practical Uses of Nutrigenetics

Chapter 8: Keeping Genetic Information Safe

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Prep. /Ayman Ashry

Manage. / Mona Mahmoud