Spanish Parron Manual

Technical Report

Antonio Chacon

Table Grape Consultant

As per their short term consultancy to the project

During the period; Feb. 9, 1998–Feb. 28,1998

Report revised and approved for publishing by ATUT/RONCO technical staff

Agricultural Technology Utilization and Transfer Project

9 Gamaa St., Giza, Egypt

Phone: 202-5728563/5729598

Fax: 202-5720507/5734486

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.atut.gov.eg<!--

© 1999 Agricultural Technology Utilization and Transfer/RONCO

All rights reserved

ATUT/RONCO encourage the fair use of this material.

Proper citation is requested.

Printed by ATUT

Contents

<!--Introduction.................................................................................................................. <!--3<!--<!--

Index of tables…………………………………………………………………...……4

Index of figures……………………………………………………………………4 - 5

Materials....................................................................................................................... 6

Wooden posts............................................................................................................ <!--6<!--<!--

Wires......................................................................................................................... <!--7<!--<!--

Hooks and anchor base........................................................................................... <!--12<!--<!--

Tools........................................................................................................................ <!--12<!--<!--

Design Procedures of Parron System......................................................................... <!--13<!--<!--

Demarcation of Construction Site........................................................................... <!--13<!--<!--

Master line............................................................................................................... <!--15<!--<!--

Locating corner points........................................................................................... <!--25<!--<!--6

Construction Procedures for Parron System.............................................................. <!--39<!--<!--

Corner holes and length depth................................................................................ <!--39<!--<!--

Corners.................................................................................................................... <!--40<!--<!--

Construction of the laterals..................................................................................... <!--45<!--<!--

Repair Procedures for the Parron System................................................................... <!--48<!--<!--

Repair or change corner........................................................................................... <!--52<!--<!--

Dividing the Parron structure.................................................................................. <!--52<!--<!--

Equipment for the Parron System.............................................................................. <!--55<!--<!--

Tractors.................................................................................................................... <!--55<!--<!--

Sprayers................................................................................................................... <!--55<!--<!--

Duster...................................................................................................................... <!--56<!--<!--

Harvest cars............................................................................................................. <!--56<!--<!--

Conclusion.................................................................................................................. <!--57<!--<!--

Considerations......................................................................................................... <!--57<!--<!--

Cost of Parron System Construction.......................................................................... <!--59<!--<!--

Characteristics......................................................................................................... <!--59<!--<!--

Materials and labor.................................................................................................. <!--59<!--<!--

<!-- 

Introduction

From January 1997 to February 1998, three field workshops were conducted to train ATUT technical staff, growers and farm personnel on the techniques, design and construction of the Parron overhead trellis system. The objectives of the workshops were practical training, demonstration and hands-on training, with weekly evaluation.

During the 1997/1998 harvesting season Chile exported approximately 65 million boxes (8.2 k/box) worldwide. Ninety eight percent of this production was grown under the Parron system in various environments; deserts, regions of 1,000 mm rain annually, rocky soils, heavy clay soils, and water drip and flat irrigation systems. The Parron system is appropriate for evaluation as a conduction trellis system for Egyptian table grape production.

If you are a commercial grower or, anticipate becoming one, we urge to stay in contact the RONCO/ATUT office for any changes of the requirements described in this manual.

Index of tables

Table 1 Chilean wire specification for Parron system……………………………….5

Table 2 Comparison of Chilean and Egyptian wires………………………………...9

Index of figures

Fig 1 view of wooden T for the practical test of maximum load of the wires……

Fig 2 view of the wire pulled by hand………………………………………….

Fig 3 view of the chosen area …………….

Fig 4 approximated position of the four corners of the Parron……………..

Fig 5 positioning of the iron bar ……………………………………………

Fig 6 view of the chosen area with the iron bars in place…………………..

Fig 7 positioning of the second and third iron bars…………………………

Fig 8 view of the chosen area with the three iron bars……………………..

Fig 9 view of the master line with the wire in place between the two iron bars on side X……………………………………………………………………………………

Fig 10 view of the master line in the chosen area…………………………………

Fig 11 view of measurements and marks made in order to obtain 90 degrees between side X and side Y……………………………………………………………………

Fig 12 view of sides X and Y with wires as visual guide and in a 90 degree angle…

Fig 13 view of side X and Y with wires with marks and measurements……………

Fig 14 view of the chosen area with wires as visual guide………………………..

Fig 15 view of side X and Y and point F for the location of the corners…………

Fig 16 view of point A and the different marks that indicate the position of the corners for side X and Y………………………………………………………….

Fig 17 view of the measurements made in order to have side X and W in 90 degrees

Fig 18  view of point A1 and the different marks that indicate the position of corners for side X and W………………………………………………………………………

Fig 19 view of chosen area, with three sides in 90 degrees and with wires as visual guide…………………………………………………………………………….

Fig 20 view of point A3 and the different marks that indicate the corners for side W and Z………………………………………………………………………………..

Fig 21 view of the chosen area with wires as guide line and the four sides in 90 degree…………………………………………………………………

Fig 22 details of the four sides of the parron and the marks for the corners

Fig 23 view of the position of the anchor inside the hole……………………..

Fig 24 view of a corner from the back………………..

Fig 25 view of a corner from the side…………………..

Fig 26 view of a corner with the bridles……

Fig 27 and 28 view of corners in the correct position……………………..

Fig 29 view of the top of two corners…………………..

Fig 30 final view of point A

Fig 31 final view of point A1 and  point F1 

Fig 32 final view of a line of laterals………………

Fig 33 general view of a line of laterals………………….

Fig 34 side view of a lateral………………

Fig 35 placement of the main internal wire…………….

Fig 36 lateral with several problems………………….

Fig 37 design problems anchor in wrong position……………….

Fig 38 and 39 design problems and mal practices

Fig 40 mal practice in the construction of laterals………………

Fig 41 improper construction of a corner…………

Fig 42 incorrect way to tie a wire around a lateral………………

Fig 43 and 44 attaching bridles on the new corner

Fig 45 view of the point where the structure will be divided……

Fig 46 tying the new chain or main wire in the new corners…….

Materials

Wooden posts

The design of the structure dictates the dimensions of each piece of wood. In Chile, two types of wood are used: pine (Pinus radiata) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) Both are treated with preservatives prior to use in the Parron system, or in any trellis system.

Dimensions

<!--Corners: 10-29 cms in diameter, 3.5 m long.

<!--Laterals: 10-15 cms in diameter, 3.2 m long.

<!--Central stick: 5-8 cms in diameter, 2.4 m long. 

Recommendations

The type of wood available in Egypt is casuarine. Unfortunately, it is difficult to predict how it will react to water, humidity and wear and tear. Regional information is not complete. For the same reason, it is difficult to predict how long the construction will last, unless the wood is previously treated. In Chile, wood treated before construction assures at least 10 years of usage, providing no mechanical damage.

Regarding eucalyptus, local researchers warns that moths, termites and beetles will attack the wood. We saw some of this damage in this type of wood only 3 or 4 months after trees were cut.

It is necessary to develop research in wood technology to know what kind of treatment can be applied to avoid the following problems

<!--Insects

<!--Wood diseases in a damp environment

<!--Chemical reactions in a saline environment.

More research is recommended to establish the mechanical performance of the local wood to be able to use it under Parron System conditions (forces and fruit load). After that, we can use the wood in other trellis systems, like Double T or Y shape systems.

On some of the local farms, metal pipes are used. We have little experience with this kind of material, but it is necessary to prevent the galvanized wire from contacting the iron. The materials to be used in the Parron system are a result technical study that measures the ability of the material to carry the load of the fruit, wood, shoots, leaves, etc. The material used must also last throughout the commercial life of the orchard, and be economical. Some of our growers in Chile construct corners and laterals with cement. In Egypt, the growers need to develop the best local materials for building any trellis system.

Wires

The dimensions and specifications of each type of wire depend upon the purpose for which it will be used. The most important factor is the quality of the galvanized layer. As seen in the field, wires exposed to normal weather conditions for two weeks showed signs of corrosion. The quality of these products is not high enough to ensure a structure that will last the lifetime of a normal Parron system.

Although stainless steel cable is stronger than wire, it is also a lot more flexible. This creates sagging problems because of the weight of the vegetation on the structure.

Table 1: Chilean wire specifications for Parron system.

INCHALAM S.A. wire company, Chile.

HQC: High Quantity of Carbon.

Using these technical specifications, it is simple to evaluate the tension of the wire, by carrying out a practical field test. (Fig 1 and 2)

Make a wooden T, and put 10 cms nails (A and B) in the horizontal bar, 100 cms apart. Mark a middle point C in between A and B.

Put a wire over points A and B tie it to the nails so that it will be strait, perpendicular to the wire, place a dynamometer (50 kg load), over the wire at point C so that it will hang from the wire. .

Fig 1. View of the wooden T for the practical test of maximum load of the wires                                                                    

<!--<!--                                                                           1 meter

<!--<!--<!--<!--<!--<!--                               A                                            C                                                   B  

<!--<!-- 

                              Dynamometer                                              Wire

Pull with your hands the dynamometer that is attach to the wire in point C down as much as you can so that the wire will bend and then check the load readings. (Fig 2)

Fig 2. view of the wire pulled by hand 

<!--<!--<!--<!--<!--<!--                               A                                            C                                                   B  

<!--<!-- 

<!--<!-- 

This value, multiplied by 20, will give the tension that the wire will carry. The load cannot exceed the theoretical performance of the minimum rupture load by 1/3; if this happens, you need to reinforce the wire or reduce the load. A practical example is as follows:

<!--Steel galvanized wire, 2.4 x 3.0 mm, oval shape, internal main wire, tree cross point.

<!--Dynamometer shows 15 kg.

<!--Real load is 15 kg X 20 (load factor) = 300 kg.

<!--The theoretical rupture point of the load is 679 kilos., minimum.

<!--1/3 x 679 kg = 226 kilos (300 kg)

<!--In this situation, you need to reinforce the wire or reduce the load as soon as possible.

Size and kind of the wire according to the location (Chilean specifications).

Example of another possible combinations:

Table 2: Comparison of Chilean Egyptian wires:

* Chilean wires			Egyptian wires
Mm		m/kg		mm		m/kg
5.16	G	6.10		5.0	G	6.6
4.19	G	9.20		4.0	G	11
2.4 x 3.0	SG	22.0		3.0	SG	width: 81.9pt; border: none; padding: 0 Currently 0/5 Stars. 1 2 3 4 5 0 تصويتات / 238 مشاهدة نشرت فى 29 ديسمبر 2013 بواسطة alisamalosi احفظ عدد زيارات الموقع 10,178