unit 13                                        

                        خطر في البحر   Danger in the sea  

Grammar & Structure                        

1- giving advice                                     2- first &second conditional              3- during + noun                                  4- prepositions                                  5-’d like to & want to + inf                6- must + inf

7- present simple passive                     8- while + past cont + past simple      9- go + v- ing

10- tell\ told + object + not to + inf   

 11-making suggestions                       12- will not be able to + inf

13-pronouns

                    (1) إعطاء النصيحة      giving advice  

1 -نستخدم التركيب اللغوي التالي لإعطاء النصيحة  :-                                              المصدر  +  should  +  الفاعل

 2-نستخدم التركيب اللغوي التالي أيضا لإعطاء النصيحة       

if I were you----------, i would+inf

          ويكو ن الرد على إعطاء النصيحة ب   

Yes of course . I will    أو     Yes, I think you are right .    

Examples :-

          You should [ help – helped – helping ] poor people .

       You shouldn’t [ eat – eaten – eats ] too many sweets . Yes, of course . I will .

         If I  [ was – am – were ] you , I would work on the farm .

        If I were you , I ’d [ go – went – gone ] to university . Yes, I think you are right . 

       I fell ill . If I were you , I [ would – will – can ] see a doctor .

         I ’m late . If I were you , I ’d [ take – took – takes ] a taxi .     

                                                                                        (2) الحالة الأولى والثانية ل first &second conditional  &     if   

 الجملة الشرطية ثلاثة حالات و تتكون  الجملة الشرطية من جملة فعل الشرط و جملة جواب الشرط .

1 - الحالـة الأولـي   و يستخدم هذا النوع ليعبر عن الأشياء التي من المحتمل أن تحدث . وهذه هي الحالة الأولى ل if :-

If + فاعل   +مضارع بسيط     , فاعل  +  will + المصدر

Examples :-

           If the weather is nice, we [ ’ll – would – could ] go for a walk.

    و يمكن أن نستخدم الحالة الأولي لتعبر عن التنبؤ بما قد يحدث في المستقبل مثل :-

          If you [ work – works – worked ] hard, you will succeed.

          If you succeed, I [’ll – would – had ] give you a present . و يمكن أن نستخدم الحالة الأولي لتعبر عن الوعد مثل             If you [ forget – forgets – forgot ] the book, I’ll hit you. 

ويمكن استخدام الحالة الأولى للتهديد مثل 

2 -  الحالة الثانيـة و تستخدم لتعبر عن شئ غير محتمل الحدوث أو شئ مجرد فرض . وهذه هي الحالة الثانية  ل if :-

If + فاعل  + ماضي بسيط   ,فاعل   + would + المصدر.

Examples :-

        If you [ saw – see – seen ] him, you would kill him.   

        If I [ were – am – was ] you, I’d study.

       If they had enough money, they [ would – will – can ]  buy a car.

    ملحوظـة :- تستخدم were   بدلا منwas  مع المفرد لتوضيح أنه غير ممكن .

Question from تكويــن الســــؤال   

لتوقع ماكان سيحدث فى مواقف غير محتملة الحدوث ( فى المستقبل ) نستخدم      

                              @What would (you do –happen) if you saw a shark?

Examples :-

        1 – What would you do if you had enough money?  If I had enough money, I’d buy a car.

      2- What [ will – would – had ] happen if you got a million pounds ? If I got a million pounds , I ’d travel around the world . 

Unless = If + not

       @If Ahmed doesn’t hurry, he’ll miss the train.   = Unless Ahmed hurries, he’ll miss the train.

during +                                                                       (3)  أثناء        الاسم

Examples :-

        They went to Alex [ when – during – while ] the holidays .

            He met lots of friends [ during – while – when ] his stay in London .

                                                                              Prepositions                                                                 (4) حروف جر

’d like to & want to +                      (5) يريد أن        المصدر

Examples :-

          1- I ’d (= would ) like to [ live – living – lived ] in Alex .

          2- I want to [ lived – lives – live ] in Tanta .            

must +                                                                   (6)  يجب أن    +    المصدر

Examples :-

         You must [ be – been – bee ] careful with your money .  

                                       (7)  المضارع البسيط  في صيغة المبنى للمجهول     The present simple passive

                 عند بناء زمن المضارع البسيط إلى المبنى للمجهول نتبع القاعدة                                  is             مفرد   

                                                                                                                        Pp  +  are                    المفعول  

                                                                                          جمع

                                          Examples :                                                                   

                                                                                      (1) He plays football everyday .                           Football is played by him every day .

              (2) She cooks the food .                                        The food is cooked .

              (3) They wash the dishes .                                    The dishes are washed .

                                       while                                                                 (8) بينما       ماضي بسيط  +  ماضي مستمر  +   

  + ماضي بسيط      while                                                                                    ماضي مستمر +   

                                                                                                           Examples :                                                               

        1- While we [ were diving  - diving – dive ] , I saw a shark .                                               

           2- I [ see - saw  seen ] a shark while I was diving . 

                                              go + v- ing                                                                      (9)  يذهب         

Examples :

         They will go [ fish – fishing – fished ] tomorrow .

         Tell \ told +  مفعول + not to                                                        (10) اخبرهم ألا       المصدر  +

Examples:   

            The professor told them not to [ worried – worry – worries ] .

                                        making suggestions                                                            (11) تقديم الاقتراحات   

         let’s              عند عمل اقتراح نستخدم احد التعبيرات آلاتية :-                                                                 المصدر  +  

        If I were ------ , I  would +                                                                                                       المصدر

Examples: 

           I ’m late . If I were you , I ’d [ take – took – takes ] a taxi .

               Let’s [ go – went – gone ] and look .  

will not be able to +                                                  (12) غير قادرين على          المصدر

         نستخدم هذا التعبير للتعبير عن عدم القدرة على عمل شيء ما في المستقبل .

Examples:

             The whale won’t be able to[ follow  - followed – following ] us .        

Pronouns                                                                        (13) الضمائر