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Deduced Two Broad Bean Cultivars by Experimental Mutagens in Iraq

Authors: M.A. AL-Hamdany, A.H. Kadhem, A.A. Nefel and H.A. Abas

Citation: 2008. Iraqi J. Agric. 13 (1): 150-158.

Abstract:

          Gamma rays 30 and 40 Grays with 0.2% of the chemical mutagen Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and their combinations were used on the dry seeds of both Ekwadelgi and Kebresii broad bean cultivars. As a result of recultivation of M1-M3 generations in the same field, heavy wilt incidences were observed on M3 progeny. The most pathogenic wilt causal agent (Fusarium avenaceum) was identified and used for soil infestation during M4-M6 generations. The selected mutant lines from M6 progeny were thoroughly evaluated for productivity and some agronomic traits during M7-M9 generations. Two mutants namely K762 and E357 were developed to new broad bean cultivars (Tuwaitha and Taqa 357 respectively). The second cultivar characterized by having terminated growth (Topless inflorescence). The productivity of these new cultivars was investigated in M11-M14 in comparison trails with the registered cultivar (Babil) and the local cultivar. Results indicated that Tuwaitha was surpassed Babil cultivar. However, both cultivars were outyielded the local cultivar and were surpassed the local cultivar in many agronomic traits such as weight of 100 seeds, number of pods/plant, pod lengths and wilt resistance. Both cultivars were registered by the The National Committee of Registration and Release of Agricultural Cultivars in Iraq/Ministry of Agriculture (No.16 on 10/6/2001).                                                                                              

Key words: Broad bean, Induced Mutation, Fusarium avenaceum