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Upper Intermediate Vocabulary – TOEFL Test Practice
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Meaning of Words
Below is a list of words that often appear on theTOEFL test. The underlined sections of a word provide links to definitions of that word’s respective roots, prefixesand suffixes. Sentences are provided as examples of word usage.
react (verb): to act in response to something
How did he react when he heard the news?
agent (noun): something which acts or acts upon something else
The travel agent helped her purchase the tickets.
active (adjective): involving movement, moving about
Joan is an active child.
agitate (verb): to excite, to disturb, to stir up
The washing machine agitates the load of laundry.
audible ( adjective): can be heard
Your voice is barely audible over the sound of the train whistle.
auditorium (noun): a place where one goes to hear something
audit+ orium
The band played in the school auditorium
amorous (adjective): loving, sexual love
The actor played an amorous role.
amiable (adjective) friendly, agreeable
He seems to be an amiable man.
amicable (adjective): friendly
The two neighbors came to an amicable decision about the fence.
animal (noun): a living creature
A dog is an animal.
animate (verb): to give spirit or support, to supply movement
The artist animated the cartoon.
animosity (noun): hostility, ill will
There isn’t any animosity between us.
annals (noun): record of events, historical records
The annals of the organization are kept in notebooks.
annual (adjective): yearly
She is planning on going to the company’s annual meeting.
annuity (noun): money payable yearly
Joan is going to invest her annuity in the stock market.
anniversary (noun): the yearly celebration of an event
John’s parents will celebrate their wedding anniversary in April.
perennial (adjective): enduring, persisting for several years
I would like to buy some perennial plants.
author (noun): one that originates or creates, a writer
Susan met the author of this book.
augment (verb): to increase, to add to
He had to augment his salary by taking another job.
auction (noun): a sale of goods to the highest bidder
I bought this car at the auction.
benevolent
benign (adjective): harmless, mild, gentle
The doctor removed a benign tumor from my neck and I went home the same day.
bibliography
biology
brief
abbreviate (verb): to shorten
How does one abbreviate the word “Minnesota”?
brevity (noun): short or concise expression
The politician gave short speeches and he became known for his brevity.
deceive (verb): to cause or allow someone to believe something is true when it is actually false; to mislead
The criminal deceived many people into believing she was honest.
capable (adjective): having the ability to do something; having the traits necessary to perform some action
Jose is a very capable lawyer.
capacious (adective): containing a great deal
You have a capacious library with many unusual books.
captive (noun, adjective): a person held against his or her own will; held prisoner
The captives were taken to the jail.
Geoff had a captive audience. They had to watch and listen
accident (noun): an unplanned event
Don’t get upset about minor accidents and errors.
capture (verb): to gain control of, to gain by effort
In the game of chess, the object is to capture the king.
occasion (noun): an opportunity; a happening, instance or celebration
Did you have an occasion to speak with your professor?
receive (verb): to take in, to acquire
Imelda received many letters in the mail today.
concept (noun): an idea
The concept of using computers in the classroom is relatively new.
predecessor (noun): a person who has previously occupied a position that another has taken over
I hope I can live up to my predecessor’s reputation.
succeed (verb): to follow after another, to do well
To succeed as a student, one must study.
recede (verb): to move back, to withdraw
The water receded five days after the flood.
concede (verb): to accept as true, to yield, to allow
I conceded to her point of view.
exceed (verb): to go beyond a limit, to be greater than
The driver exceeded the speed limit by ten miles an hour.
recess (noun): an indentation, a temporary break
The children were given a recess from the lessons.
deceased (adjective): dead
The deceased person will be cremated rather than buried.
chronic (adjective): marked by a long period of time, recurrence
Gabrielle has a chronic back disorder and cannot lift heavy objects.
chronicle (noun): a historical account arranged in order of time
The teacher asked us to read a chronicle on the Revolutionary War.
chronological (adjective): arranged in order of time
The text book listed the presidents in chronological order.
acclaim (verb): praise
The restaurant is acclaimed for its desserts.
exclaim (verb): to speak loudly, to cry out in surprise
The children exclaimed “hurray” when they heard there would be no classes tomorrow.
clamor (noun, verb): n. noise, v. to make noise
The children clamored for more ice cream.
proclaim (verb): to declare loudly
The president of the university proclaimed March 21 to be a holiday in honor of the school’s award winning faculty.
cognizant (adjective): aware
The man was cognizant of the danger of walking through the park at night.
diagnose (verb): to recognize (diseases) by symptoms
The patient was diagnosed with Lyme’s disease.
agnostic (noun): one who believes that any ultimate reality is unknowable
John is unsure of the reality of god and considers himself to be an agnostic.
recognize (verb): to know, to identify
I thought I recognized your face from somewhere.
corpse (noun): a dead body
A corpse was found floating in the river.
corpulent (adjective): having a large body
The corpulent politician jabbed a fat finger in the air.
incorporate (verb): to unite into one being
The artist incorporated paint, photographs, and fabric into her artwork.
corporate (adjective): formed into a body or association, united in one group
The corporate structure allowed many people to work as a group.
crescent (noun, adjective): a narrow curved shape; a quarter moon or smaller
The crescent moon could be glimpsed through the clouds.
create (verb): to originate, to produce through imagination
The musician created a new musical arrangement.
accretion (verb): growth by gradual addition
The accretion of dirt on windows is sometimes hard to detect.
increase (verb): to grow in size or amount
in + crease Alfonse wishes he could find a way to increase his salary.
credible (adjective): can be believed, reasonable
The witness gave a credible account of the accident.
credulous (adjective): too ready to believe
The credulous child believed the story about flying horses.
incredible (adjective): unbelievable, amazing
Makiko said she just saw an incredible horror movie.
The father planned an excursion to the zoo for his children.
discourse (noun, verb): a conversation, to talk
The discourse between the speaker and the audience was informal.
courier (noun): a messenger
The courier gave the message to the secretary.
course (noun, verb): forward movement, movement from point to point; to run along a path
Blood courses through your veins with every beat of your heart.
occur (verb): to happen, to come to mind
It just occurred to me that tomorrow is your birthday.
current (adjective, noun): happening now, up to date; the movement of water
Is this information current or out of date?
dictionary (noun): a book of definitions
Juliana looked up the word in the dictionary.
condition (noun): the state of something or someone
Is your car in good condition?
indicate (verb): to show, to point out
The gas gauge indicates that we are almost out of gas.
dictate (verb): to speak for a person to record, to issue an order
The lawyer dictated the letter to her secretary.
predict (verb): to say what will happen in the future
Joseph predicts that he will get married in ten years.
addict (verb): to be devoted to something in an obsessive manner
Leslie is addicted to betting on the horse races.
doctor (noun): a person who has received the highest degree a university offers, a physician
Andre is going to medical school so that he can be a doctor like his mother.
doctrine (noun): something that is taught, dogma
We learned about the doctrine of “manifest destiny” in our American history class.
docile (adjective): obedient, easily taught
Mrs. Galindez wants to buy a docile dog for her son.
document (noun): an official paper
The library houses many government documents in its collection.
orthodox (adjective): holding conventional beliefs
ortho + dox
I don’t know if my interpretation of that book is orthodox or not.
dogma (noun): an established opinion
Some people find the dogma associated with that organization disturbing.
paradox (noun): a statement that seems to contradict itself but contains some truth
The paradox of the matter is that I want to see the opera but I also want to stay home.
decorate (verb): to make something look attractive or suitable
Linda decorated her apartment with paintings and plants.
decent (adjective): conforming to standards, good, kind
This magazine contains a decent article on home improvement.
dignity (noun): quality of being worthy, noble, honored
I haven’t yet had the dignity and honor of being grand marshall of the parade.
conduct (verb, noun): v. to lead or guide, n. a person’s behavior
Jared was conducted into the doctor’s office by the nurse.
Arnelle’s conduct was inexcusable and she should apologize to the class.
educate (verb): to train, to provide schooling for
The school tries to educate its students to be productive members of society.
induct (verb): to install in office or to enroll in military service
Mindy was inducted into the army last month.
deduct (verb): to subtract
The salesperson deducted five dollars off the purchase price of the radio.
deduce (verb): to make a decision or draw a conclusion by reasoning
I deduced from the trail of crumbs and the empty milk carton that the children were home.
produce (verb, noun): to bring forward, to make to bear or yield; something made or grown
The lawyer produced new evidence at the trial.
The produce from the farm will go to the market next week.
seduce (verb): to persuade (especially into doing something wrong), to tempt
Money and power have been known to seduce many honest people.
induce (verb): to persuade, cause, or bring about by artificial means.
If a child swallows poison, it is suggested that vomiting should be induced.
eternal (adjective): not effected by time, without beginning or end, ceaseless
The lecture seemed eternal and many in the audience had fallen asleep.
medieval (adjective): relating to the Middle Ages (500 – 1500 AD)
There are many styles to medieval architecture and a building built in 500 AD looks different from one built in 1000 AD.
faint (adjective, verb): indistinct, not clearly perceived, weak; to lose consciousness from lack of blood to the brain
There is a faint odor of apples in this room.
Some people faint at the sight of blood.
feign (verb): to pretend
The child feigned illness in an attempt to avoid the test.
fiction (noun): something produce from imagination, an invented story
The excuse Marvin just gave for not doing his homework is pure fiction.
effigy (noun): a figure representing a disliked person.
The children made an effigy of their nasty neighbor.
figure (noun): shape, pattern, drawing
The figure Louise drew on the paper looks nothing like an apple.
figment (noun): a thing that does not exist, something made up
Ghosts and monsters are figments of an active imagination.
fashion (noun, verb): the form of something, style; to give shape or form to
The current fashion is hair worn short.
feasible (adjective): capable of being done
The engineer thought that building the bridge across the river was a feasible project.
feature (noun, verb): the appearance or form of a person or object; to picture or portray
Lisette’s best feature is her eyes.
factory (noun): a place where things are made or built
There is a boat factory near the river.
difficult (adjective): hard to do, troublesome, hard to understand
The test was difficult and I answered only eight of the ten questions.
fact (noun): something known to be true
It’s a fact that the world is round.
effect (noun): a change caused by something, a result, influence
The sun’s effect on human skin is known to be harmful.
fertile (adjective): productive, bearing or capable of bearing fruit in large quantities
The land by the river is quite fertile and many crops are grown there.
refer (verb): to classify within a general category, to send or direct to another source
The patient was referred to a physical therapist for additional treatment.
infer (verb): to come to a conclusion from facts or ideas, to guess
Sometimes a reader has to infer from the facts presented in an article what the main idea is about.
diffident (adjective): hesitant in acting, shy
The diffident student would not speak in front of the class.
fidelity (noun): the quality of being faithful, accuracy
The fidelity of this video reproduction is quite good.
confide (verb): to trust, to trust another person with a secret
Joan confided in her friend and told her a secret.
fluent (adjective): capable of moving with ease, able to speak another language
The dancer had a fluent body.
Juanita is fluent in several languages.
superfluous (adjective): extra, more than is needed
Three cherries on my piece of cake is superfluous; I only needed one.
influence (verb, noun): to have an effect on something; the ability to affect something indirectly
It was John’s success as a musician that influenced my decision to take guitar lessons.
fluid (adjective): capable of flowing, a smooth style, liquid
The ink my new pen is quite fluid and flows evenly across the page.
fluctuate (verb): to shift back and forth, to move erratically
My body temperature has been fluctuating all day — sometimes I’m hot and sometimes I’m cold.
format
formulate (verb): to prepare from a set of steps (formula), to devise
The chemist formulated a new way of making dish detergent.
fracture (verb, noun): to break, to crack; a broken bone
fract + ure Miguel fractured his arm while skiing.
fragment (noun): a piece broken off, a part of something
It bothers me that I can remember only a fragment of the poem rather than the whole piece.
frail (adjective): easily broken, not strong
Be careful! That chair is frail
generally (adverb): in a general manner, usually, with regard to the whole not specifics
Generally, Lance leaves work at 5:00 p.m.
gingerly (adverb, adjective): careful
Paulette picked up the antique vase gingerly and placed it on the shelf.
indigenous (adjective): native, having been born in a specific area or environment
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