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General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean

Studies and Review No. 92

Review of Jellyfish Blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

By

Ferdinando Boero

Contents

1-Introduction

Jellyfish – The Blooms – Ecosystem "malfunctioning" – The grand picture

The impact of gelatinous plankton on fish populations

Measures and estimates of predation impacts of gelatinous plankton on fish

Jellyfish as keystone predators – Gelatinous plankton as a source of food

2 – Jellyfish Blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

The Black Sea and Mnemiopsis, a paradigmatic example

 Jellyfish blooms cases in the Mediterranean Sea

Lessons from the history of the Adriatic Sea

3 – Current Knowledge and Research Needs

Analysis of the possible drivers of the phenomena

Methods to monitor and forecast blooms

Further studies on blooms

Negative (and positive) impacts of jellyfish blooms on human activities

4 - Developing a Scientific Framework in Support of Management Instruments towards or Eliminating or Mitigating the Effect of Blooms

 Human impacts and ecosystem functioning

Multiple stressors - The ecosystem approach – Recommendations for management – Conclusion

5 – Inventory of Existing Bibliography on this Issue and List of Relevant Publications Annexed to the Report

6 – Appendix: The Main Gelatinous Plankters of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea

Prep. /Ayman Ashry

Manage/ Zienab Osman