Fish Feeding in Integrated Fish Farming
By
Louis K. Strasbourg
Preface
The scope of integration in an integrated fish farm could be considerably wide. Apart from fish cultured in the water body, the water surface can be used for goose and duck raising, pond dikes for fruit tree and mulberry cultivation or for setting up pig-sties, slopes for fodder crops. The products from an integrated fish farm are not only fish but also meat, milk, eggs, fruit, vegetables, etc. It is apparent that integrated fish farming can fully utilize the water body, the water surface, the land and the pond silt, etc. to increase the food supply for people. In unitary fish farm, the labour force cannot be reasonably employed while the integrated fish farm may offer more jobs, for example, in helei fish farm, the occupations except fish culture offer 149 jobs, among which there are 48 persons for duck raising, 19 for caw farming, 14 for pig raising. Nowadays, the problem that the aquaculture in developed countries is facing is that the cost of pelleted feeds is too high. It is related to energy crisis and protein shortage also. The integrated fish farm produces feeds and fertilizers for itself, savrer energy and reducing. Expenditure considerably, e.g. in 1981, Helei Fish Farm produced 5.5 million kg of pig manure, 1.85 million kg of cow dung, 1 million kg of duck manure, 9.5 million kg of waste water from silk extracting workshop. The total amount of organic fertilizers was 17.65 million kg. Outflow of animal excreta by gravity could reduce the production cost by about 97 year each mu of fish pond.
In 1976, Helei Fish Farm began to put duck, cow and pig raising into integrated fish farming system, food processing industry in 1979 and commerce in 1980. During the period of 1977-1981, the yield of fresh fish increased from 115.000 kg to 600.000 kg (the same area) whiles the yields of livestook and poultry from 135.000 kg to 490.000 kg. In 1981, average income per capita increased by 120. Over the year of the establishment of the fish farm in 1966. The annual net fish production of integrated fish farms, only by using organic manures. The integrated fish farming practices have developed into a complicated structural network in line with the local conditions. China a vast country with a large population and varied natural environments. The agricultural structure and the economic conditions of each locality are also different. Therefore, various integrated fish farming systems in line with the local conditions have developed into a complicated structural network. The Pearl River Delta is located to the south of the Tropic of Cancer. Its annual solar irradiation is 110 kcal/cm² but averaging 60 kcal/cm². |Average temperature is about 22°C; 2-3 days of frost a year; more rain and high temperature in summer with maximum temperature of about 37°C and relative humidity 76-85% annual sunshine time between 2000 and 2500 hours. Such geographic and climatic conditions are very conductive to the cultivation of mulberry trees, sericulture and fish farming. Hence, the farmers in the Pearl River Delta through production practices have been able to take advantage of local natural resources by integrating mulberry cultivation and sericulture with fish farming, which leads to the establishment of a complete, scientific ‟mulberry plot-fish pond” man-made ecosystem.
This book will be of interest to technicians working in the field of this subject.
Contents
1 – Commercial Broiler Production on an Integrated Fish Farm
2 – Pond Culture of Food Fish
3 – The Advantages of Integrated Fish Farming
4 – Fish Food
6 – Stocking and Farm Pond Construction with Biologists
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