Fisheries and Toxicology
By
Mona Saad Ali Zaki
&
Pawan Kumar 'Bharti' and Dr. Avnish Chauhan
Preface
Aquatic systems reflect Perturbations in the environment. So, fish and invertebrates can often be used to indicate the health of an aquatic system because chemicals can accumulate in invertebrates from the water and sediment and in fish from water, sediment, and the food chain. The monitoring of these effects is extremely important to regulate and remediate pollution. To test the toxicity, they can apply biomarkers to detect low-level pollution in aquatic systems.
Toxicology is the study of the effects of manufactured chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at various levels of organization, from sub-cellular through individual organisms to communities and ecosystems.
The effects of pollutants on the whole organism can be considered as neuro-physiological, reproductive and behavioural effects. These effects can often be inter-related: neurological changes can affect behaviour; changes in behavior can affect reproduction and so on. A compound doesn′t always put forth an effect on a target organism or a community. It always depends on the concentration of that compound and the time of exposure to it. These effects eventually can be either acute or chronic. Acute toxicity occurs rapidly, are clearly defined, often fatal and rarely reversible. Chronic effects develop after long exposure to low doses or long after exposure and may ultimately cause death.
The effects of pollution on freshwater species are registered in the loss of some species, with maybe some profits for some of them. There normally is a reduction in diversity but not necessarily numbers of individual species, and a change in the balance of such processes as predation, competition and materials cycling. Because of the complexity of pollution, the effects of take-up in the aquatic life are also depended on the pollutants characteristic feature. If two or more poisons are present together in a effluent they may exert a combined effect to an organism, which can be additive, antagonistic or synergistic.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamental principles and current practices and trends in the field of fisheries and aquatic toxicology.
This book updates the subject matter, illustrations and problems to incorporate new concepts and issues related to fisheries and toxicology.
Particularly thanks are due to all contributors from Egypt, and publisher also for their contribution and assistance.
Contents
1 – Biochemical, Clincophathlogical and Microbial Changes in Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Pesticide Malathion and Climate Changes.
2 – Field Studies Encysted Metacercariae Infested Natural Male Tilapias and Monosex Tilapias in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Fish Farms.
3 – Diminution of Aflatoxicosis in Tilipia Zilli Fish by Dietery Supplementation with Fix in Toxin and Nigella Sativa Oil.
4 – Role of Fulvic Acid on Reduction of Cadmium Toxicity on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus).
5 – Clinicopathological and Biochemical Studies on Teilipia Zilli Exposed to Climate Change and Cadmium Chloride (0.25P.P.m.).
6 – Ameliorate the Drastic Effect of Ochratoxin A by Using Yeast and whey in Cultured Oreochromus niloticus in Egypt.
7 – Diarrhoea in Neonatal baraki kids-goats.
8 – Effect of E. coli Oh157 on Baladi Broiler Chicken and some Biochemical Studies.
9 – Some Studies on Lead Toxicity in Marino Sheep.
10 – Some Biochemical Studies on Friesian Suffering from Subclinical Mastitis.
11 – Diminution of Aflatoxicosis in Tilipia Zilli Fish by Dietary Supplementation with Fix in Toxin and Nigella Sativa Oil.
12 – Natural Cases of Rickets in Baraki Goat Kids.
13 – Effect of Mercuric Oxide Toxicity on some Biochemical Parameters on African Cat Fish Clarias gariepinus Present in the River Nile.
14 – Pathological and Biochemical Studies in Tilapia Zilli Infected with Saprolegnia Parasitica and Treated with Potassium Permanganate.
15 – Reduction of Alfatoxin in clarious Lazara Catfish by Ginseng Extract and Nigella Sativa Oil.
16 – Effect of alfa-Toxins B1 on Endocrine Status in Cat fish (Clarious Lazera).
17 – Some Studies on Fish Deformity in Freshwater Fish in Egypt.
18 – Studies on Prevailing Cestodiasis in Wild African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate.
19 – Field Studies on Prevailing Internal Parasitic Diseases in Male and Hybird Tilapia Relation to Monosex Tilapia at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Fish Farms.
20 – Field Study on Cadmium Pollution in Relation to Internal Parasitic Diseases in Cultured Nile Tilapia at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate.
ساحة النقاش