574.52636/N. M.

MARINE BIOLOGY

AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH

James W. Nybakken

Contents

Chapter One: INTRODUCTION TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Properties of Water - Basic Oceanography - Some Ecological Principles

Comparison of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems

Division of the Marine Environment

Chapter Two: PLANKTON AND PLANKTON COMMUNITIES

The Phytoplankton - The Zooplankton

Flotation Mechanisms - Primary Production

Factors Affecting Primary Productivity

Chapter Three: OCEANIC NEKTON

Adaptations of Oceanic Nekton - Ecology of Nekton

Chapter Four: DEEP-SEA BIOLOGY

Environmental Characteristics

Adaptations of Deep-Sea Organisms

Community Ecology of the Benthos

Midwater Community Ecology

Chapter Five: SHALLOW WATER SUBTIDAL BENTHIC ASSOCIATIONS AND LARVAL ECOLOGY

Environmental Conditions - Benthic Ecology

Kelp Beds - Sea Grass Communities

Some Special Communities

Chapter Six: INTERTIDAL ECOLOGY

Environmental Conditions

Adaptations of Intertidal Organisms

Rocky Shores - Sandy Shores - Muddy Shores

Intertidal Fishes – Birds

Chapter Seven: THE ECOLOGY OF INTERSTITIAL ORGANISMS

Environmental Characteristics

Composition of the Interstitial Assemblages

Sampling and Extracting Psammon

Adaptations – Ecology

Chapter Eight: ESTUARIES AND SALT MARSHES

PHYSICAL Characteristics of Estuaries

The Biota of Estuaries - Adaptations of Estuaries Organisms

Ecology of Estuaries - Salt Marshes

Chapter Nine: TROPICAL COMMUNITIES

Coral Reefs - Mangrove Forests

Chapter Ten: SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

Symbiosis of Algae and Animals - Symbiosis Among Animals

Chapter Eleven: HUMAN IMPACT ON THE SEA

Fisheries – Mariculture – Pollution

Prep./ Khaled Shrief
Manage./ Huda Hosney