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¡ Surveillance and
Monitoring Systems for
Animal Health Programs
and Disease Surveys
Monitoring
¡ Disease monitoring
¡ Describes the ongoing efforts directed at assessing the health and disease status of a given population.
¡ Monitoring of animal diseases focuses on identifying a disease or a group of diseases to ascertain changes in prevalence and to determine the rate and direction of disease
spread
Surveillance
¡ Disease surveillance
¡ is used to describe a more active system and implies that some form of directed action will be taken if the data indicate a disease prevalence or incidence above a certain threshold.
¡ Animal disease surveillance is watching an animal population closely to determine whether a specific disease or a group of diseases makes an incursion.
Survey
¡ survey
¡ The term is used to indicate an investigation or a study in which information is systematically collected for a specific aim or conceptual hypothesis.
¡ Disease Control Program (DCP)
¡ is the combined system of monitoring and surveillance, disease control strategies, and intervention strategies that over a prolonged period of time is employed to reduce the frequency of a specific disease.
¡ Disease Eradication Program (DEP)
¡ is a special case of a DCP in which the objective of the program is to eliminate a specific disease (the organism causing the disease).
¡ APPLICATION OF SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING SYSTEMS
¡ CONTROL STRATEGY
¡ The control strategy describes the aim of the actions (i.e., efforts or measures) taken against disease, and they can be classified as:
¡ Prevention, applied to those measures designed to exclude disease from an unaffected population.
¡ Control, associated with the efforts directed toward reducing the frequency of existing disease to levels biologically or economically justifiable or otherwise of little consequence.
¡ Eradication, describing the efforts to eliminate selected organisms from a defined population. Animal species and location (herd, region, or country) define the population.
¡ Use of Sentinel Herds in Monitoring and Surveillance Systems
¡ Sentinel surveillance is used to monitor or identify outbreaks and epidemics caused by infectious agents & investigate changes in the prevalence or incidence of endemic diseases or infectious agents.
¡ Considerations in establishing sentinel herd surveillance
¡ Dissemination of Surveillance Findings
¡ In general, a monitoring or surveillance system is of little value if the information gathered is not distributed to decision makers and is not oriented toward action.
د /منتصر محمد عبدالله
السودان/نهر النيل / شندى
ساحة النقاش