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Development of bread wheat cultivar "Babil 113" in Iraq

 M.A. AL-Hamdany, A.H. Kadhem, H.A. Abas, and H.Y.Jaber

Citation: 2006. Iraqi J. Agric. 11(2): 146-156.

          Long term breeding program aimed to develop bread wheat cultivar having resistant reaction to flag smut and yellow rust diseases was initiated in 1991. Following the designation of R-23 as a source of resistance to both diseases, the source was successfully introduced in a breeding program with wheat cultivar Mexipak using pedigree method. The progenies of three consecutive generations (F3-F5) were screened under artificial inoculations in both growth room and field conditions at Tuwaitha Experimental Station in Baghdad. A very simple and fast screening procedure for flag smut was adapted in growth room conditions to identify the resistant genotypes. At meantime, the plants of selected hybrid lines were screened against both diseases under field conditions using artificial inoculations. Out of 152 hybrid lines, eleven promising lines were selected in the end of F5. The selected hybrid lines were introduced in comprehensive evaluation tests for their disease responses against the causal agents of flag smut, bunt, and yellow rust diseases. However some yield components were also investigated. As a result of all these studies, a new promising hybrid line called Babil 113 was chosen. This line was significantly surpassed Mexipak cultivar in the productivity and disease resistance. The new cultivar also surpassed cultivar Tamoze 2 in the productivity and some agronomic traits. Babil 113 was registered and released by the National Committee of Registration and Release of Agricultural Cultivars / Ministry of Agriculture in 2000 (No. 19 on 11/11/2000)                                                                                            

Key words: Bread wheat, breeding for disease resistance, yellow rust