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Hormonal profile
Despite the increase in the triglyceride concentration in the supplemented groups, significantly improved level of HDL cholesterol along with a decrease in the LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol after supplementation is depicting the healthy sign of supplementation, specifically with the probiotic supplementation. The triiodothyronine (T3; metabolic hormone) concentration was significantly improved in all the supplemented groups, which could be attributed to the enhanced metabolism after the supplementation.
Despite the increase in the triglyceride concentration in the supplemented groups, significantly improved level of HDL cholesterol along with a decrease in the LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol after supplementation is depicting the healthy sign of supplementation, specifically with the probiotic supplementation. The triiodothyronine (T3; metabolic hormone) concentration was significantly improved in all the supplemented groups, which could be attributed to the enhanced metabolism after the supplementation.
The increase in the circulatory cortisol after the fast induced molting in layers was reported. They referred it to the impact of stress conferred by the fasting, used to induce the molt. The reduction in the cortisol level in all the supplemented groups after molting is indicating the better relief from stress in these groups as compared to the control.
Supplementation and immune status
In the humoral immunity the NDV geometric mean titer (GMT) was found to be high in all the supplemented groups. The EDS GMT was high in the protein supplemented group throughout the study period, however at the end of production it was high in all the supplemented groups as compared to control group. To assess the delayed type of hypersensitivity response DNCB assay was conducted and response found significantly increased in the probiotic supplemented group after 72 hours of DNCB inoculation.
In the humoral immunity the NDV geometric mean titer (GMT) was found to be high in all the supplemented groups. The EDS GMT was high in the protein supplemented group throughout the study period, however at the end of production it was high in all the supplemented groups as compared to control group. To assess the delayed type of hypersensitivity response DNCB assay was conducted and response found significantly increased in the probiotic supplemented group after 72 hours of DNCB inoculation.
The nitric oxide (NO) production by the in vitro cultured macrophages from the birds was assessed to calculate the cell mediated immune response. No production was found significantly enhanced in the probiotic and symbiotic supplemented birds depicting the improvement in the cell mediated immune response in these groups.
Egg production and quality
The supplementation did show a significant response in improving the egg production as well as egg quality. The egg production was increased and more stable in all the supplemented groups as compared to control group. However it was remarkable in the protein supplemented group. In terms of egg quality egg weight, egg diameter, albumin diameter, egg shell thickness, egg breaking strength and FCR were improved in all the supplemented groups and it was also superior in the protein supplemented group comparatively.
The supplementation did show a significant response in improving the egg production as well as egg quality. The egg production was increased and more stable in all the supplemented groups as compared to control group. However it was remarkable in the protein supplemented group. In terms of egg quality egg weight, egg diameter, albumin diameter, egg shell thickness, egg breaking strength and FCR were improved in all the supplemented groups and it was also superior in the protein supplemented group comparatively.
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Source: World Poultry, No. 27, Vol. 4, 2011
